中新网评：处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******
中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称，将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对，企图将核污水“一倒了之”，把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。
资料图：日本福岛第一核电站。2011年，福岛核电站事故发生后，大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋，对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害，数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日，作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。
日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由，在2021年4月13日，正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多，日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。
日本政府辩称，这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全，甚至“可以喝”，这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。
事实上，经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质，核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收，长期来看，将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁，最终危害人类健康。
因此，核污水排海计划推出后，遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示，福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中，约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场，反对该计划。
日本政府认为，核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案，但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海，核污水会随着洋流流动，其影响势必会跨越国界，危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。
《韩国经济新闻》发文称，相关研究认为，福岛核污水如果排放入海，约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域，该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。
德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告，若日本将所有核污水排入海中，不到半年，整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁，包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。
日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国，有义务保护海洋环境。然而，在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上，日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。
国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估，但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论，并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下，日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设，这是极不负责任的行为。
太平洋不是日本的下水道，日本必须正视各方合理关切，在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后，制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远，若只顾眼前，执意将核污水排放入海，不仅其自身，周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单，其后果必将会危害数代人。
Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business
By John Lee
(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.
Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.
The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.
On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.
The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.
In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.
Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.
The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.
The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.
The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.
According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.
As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.
However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.
Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.
The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.
If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.
“孩子喊父母回家” 鼓励返乡就业除了亲情牌还有哪些招****** 紧紧抓住乡村振兴和共同富裕等国家战略，充分利用好各类政策红利，为返乡就业创业提供全面支持 据报道，今年春节，江西赣州多地继续推进“孩子喊父母回家上班”行动，增强父母对家庭教育主体责任的意识，动员留守儿童家长返回家乡就业创业，陪伴孩子健康成长。赣州市崇义县妇联表示，将通过加大宣传力度、组织举办活动等方式，切实为有求职需求的妇女群众搭建就业咨询平台、提供就业咨询服务，促进更多劳动力在家门口就业。 我国经济发展的主战场在城市特别是大城市，大量农村地区的剩余劳动力背井离乡，到城市就业打拼，一般只有春节期间才会返乡一次。这样一种城乡二元结构导致留守儿童和留守老人的照料问题凸显。留守儿童得不到父母更多的关爱，加之隔代教育的弊端，并不利于孩子身心健康和全面发展。 如果能够吸引父母返乡就业创业，在家门口上班，并实现家庭团圆，将会从根本上解决农村留守儿童和留守老人的照料问题。 但冰冻三尺非一日之寒，如果没有创新性的举措，可能很难真正让外出务工人员愿意返乡就业。就此而言，赣州市的做法值得肯定，但除了打“亲情牌”，地方政府还应出台更有针对性和有效性的政策措施，真正促进更多劳动力在家门口就业。 笔者曾到部分乡村地区调研发现，农村地区主要是留守老人和儿童居多，青壮年劳动力多数外出务工。虽然农村地区的教育、医疗等方面的基础设施和公共服务都在加快完善，但是青壮年返乡创业就业的比例仍然偏低。不少打工家庭还将子女迁出农村，到城市和县城上学。 之所以人们舍近求远地外出务工，归根到底还是农村本地的就业机会乏善可陈，工资收入不高。与此同时，农民长期以来存有一种离土入城的愿望，希望可以在外闯出一片天地，并在城市稳定和定居下来。 鉴于此，在吸引外出务工人员返乡就业创业方面，地方政府应认识到乡村治理问题的严峻挑战，从系统层面整体推进，才能循序渐进地取得进展。特别是要紧紧抓住乡村振兴和共同富裕等国家战略，充分利用好各类政策红利，为返乡就业创业提供全面支持。 返乡就业创业面临的首要问题是劳动力的供需矛盾，即产业基础薄弱和就业机会稀缺。地方政府需加大招商引资力度，特别是因地制宜地发展劳动密集型产业，为返乡人员就业创业提供产业基础。如果没有高质量的就业岗位，很难产生强有力的竞争力，更不要说吸引劳动力返乡了。 农村劳动力的供过于求使得工资收入偏低，劳动权益保护不够的问题仍然部分存在。这意味着各地要加强农村地区的规范用工，强化劳动权益保护，使农村劳动者也能够获得应有的薪资和福利，保障他们就近工作的权益，切实解决他们返乡就业的顾虑。 不少农村劳动力的职业技能不高，难以适应新兴产业的发展要求，也影响了企业投资设厂的积极性。地方政府要创新形式方式，加强农村劳动力的职业培训，提升农村青壮年劳动力的就业能力，使他们可以投身当地制造业、手工业和乡村文旅等新兴产业。 另外，还可在城市发力，推动更多农村人口向中小城市和县城定居，加快农民工的市民化，并为随迁子女提供更好的公共教育服务。 近年来，我国新型城镇化进程加速推进，意味着会有更多人向城市聚集。特别是新生代农民工有着强烈的城市归属感，更愿意留在城市发展，而不是返乡生活，为此，城市应考虑吸纳更多农村人口实现市民化，推动城市扩容增效和均衡发展。毕竟，安居才能乐业，宜居方能宜业。 成都商报-红星新闻特约评论员 马亮(中国人民大学国家发展与战略研究院研究员、公共管理学院教授) 大众彩票地图 |
