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系统布局国际竞争新赛道******

  作者:朱克力(国研新经济研究院院长)

  制胜新赛道,需要更为系统的方法论。结合各地已有的创新实践,其基本路径是,在看准方向、锚定价值的基础上提前布局,在推进过程中突出创新驱动,持续激活人和场景的力量。

  近期召开的中央经济工作会议强调,抓住全球产业结构和布局调整过程中孕育的新机遇,勇于开辟新领域、制胜新赛道。党的二十大报告指出,要开辟发展新领域新赛道,不断塑造发展新动能新优势。可以说,制胜新赛道正成为我国深度参与和引领新一轮产业变革、重塑国际竞争优势的重要战略目标。

  纵观全球历史,看准方向并领跑新赛道是制胜之道。看企业发展,三星电子因看准方向,大量投入研发存储器和液晶面板,如今全球市场占有率稳居前列,已成为国际电子产业头部企业;诺基亚虽然抓住通信产业发展机遇在上世纪取得巨大成功,却与触屏手机失之交臂。看国家进步,英国曾因蒸汽技术而崛起,美国凭借信息技术而强大,无不是抓住新赛道机遇而成为时代的弄潮儿。

  当前,大数据、云计算、人工智能等关键技术赋能各个领域,新产业、新业态、新模式加速迭代。新赛道主要以新技术或新模式为核心竞争力,是分工更细、技术更高、迭代更快、更利于形成优势的新兴产业或细分领域,具有引领性发展、颠覆性创新、爆发式成长等特性。如果说科技创新是推进竞争力提升和现代化先行的关键变量,那么制胜新赛道就是产业迭代升级与换道超车的必由之路。

  放眼国内,各地在竞逐新赛道方面不遗余力。有的推动发展集成电路、人工智能、生物医药、新能源等先导产业,有的前瞻布局工业互联网、卫星互联网、机器人等新兴产业,有的超前谋划区块链、太赫兹、量子通信等未来产业。应当注意的是,制胜新赛道既要抢占新技术前沿,也要努力在不确定性中锚定其中的确定性。比如,数字化和低碳化,是引领未来产业发展、贯穿全球产业链供应链价值链的重要力量,可作为各地培育差异化新赛道的共性基座。

  制胜新赛道,无疑需要更为系统的方法论。结合各地已有的一些创新实践,基于从科技到产业的转化规律和推进方式,其基本路径是,在看准方向、锚定价值的基础上提前布局,在推进过程中持续激活人和场景的力量。具体而言,可重点从三方面协同发力。

  突出创新驱动,布局新赛道。注重从新赛道的起点出发,以推动重点产业链与未来产业发展为主攻方向,打造具有国际竞争力的产业集群。运用产业生态圈理念,将创新与产业化紧密结合起来,构建以企业为主体,涵盖基础研究、技术创新、成果产业化、科技金融全链条的创新生态链,吸引各类创新资源要素高效配置和集聚协作。与此同时,应实施一系列创新驱动政策,梳理完善相应法律,营造有利于各种超前的高科技和新应用竞相涌现的良好氛围与法治环境。

  坚持以人为本,培育新赛手。人才资源是第一资源,制胜新赛道的一个关键在于“赛手”,以及激励其跑出好成绩的新机制。应着眼于新赛手成长,加快培育一批平台型龙头企业、区域性科技服务机构和更多“专精特新”企业,围绕紧缺人才制定针对性政策,根据新赛道产业人力资本需求规模与层次,搭建高素质、高质量人才引育管理体系。既要提高人才自主培养质量和能力,也要加快引进高端人才,为各类人才发展提供更优质保障。

  深化场景供给,建设新赛场。想要真正跑通新赛道,必须尊重产业规律,遵循需求导向和场景驱动。新赛道依托的新赛场,由大量可验证需求和可落地场景构成。应通过搭建产业新生态载体,优化场景供给流程,形成产品接入、场景实测、推广示范的全流程场景生长链条,加速技术转变为现实生产力。在挖掘国内市场的同时,应着眼全球,在全球范围开掘制胜新赛道的更大需求和更多场景,瞄准世界一流创新资源开展合作,深度融入全球分工体系并增强国际影响力,实现从跟跑、并跑到领跑的跃升。

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中新网评:美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

  中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后,美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕,众议院共和党领袖凯文•麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录,将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

资料图:美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀 摄

  由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素,众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中,美国民主党议员继续抱团,多轮投票中,一票不投麦卡锡,共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

  麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折,除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外,与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

  一方面,共和党党内反对者认为,麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱,无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府,另一方面,因为共和党的多数优势微弱,党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大,有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

  此外,党内反对者也认为,自己的选票没有换取更多利益,希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步,比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

  作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物,众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任,选举几乎没有悬念。然而,麦卡锡此次为当选,不得不做出多个关键让步,其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制,使得众议长的权力被削弱,难以掌控众议院。

  美国有线电视新闻网CNN称,麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步,这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

  这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下,党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上,美国两党相互拆台,陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内,也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系,相互对抗,选票变成了谋利益的工具。

  从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举,“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈,长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力,其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

  两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病,美国所谓的“民主”形象,让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举,变成了政客们利益置换的游戏,进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能,不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

  House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

  (ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

  The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

  Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

  On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

  On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

  Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

  As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

  But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

  CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

  This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

  Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

  From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

  Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

  The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

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